{"id":15409,"date":"2025-01-08T12:50:13","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:50:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/?p=15409"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:50:13","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:50:13","slug":"nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitrogen Narcosis Sedation &#038; Consciousness"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nitrogen Narcosis Sedation and Consciousness<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are a scuba diver, you may think you understand nitrogen narcosis. Sadly, what is taught in most scuba diving courses is mostly fiction. In this article, I will explain the reality of nitrogen narcosis sedation. To stay safe on your deeper dives, you need to know how the anesthetic effects of nitrogen progressively reduce your level of consciousness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The commonly taught model of alcohol-like intoxication utterly fails to describe the profoundly nuanced cognitive effect upon the diver and, at worst, promotes divers towards a dangerous misbelief that they aren&#8217;t mentally impeded by narcosis on their deeper dives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>See also my article <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-susceptibility-factors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8216;Nitrogen Narcosis: Perceptions of Susceptibility&#8217;<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The sedative effect of nitrogen narcosis degrades communication between different parts of the brain; especially in regard to accessing the different memory systems that enable higher levels of consciousness and cognition (anterograde amnesia<b>)<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Narcosis is essentially a slow progression through sedative effects towards unconsciousness as you go deeper (<em>and the narcotic dose gets higher<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Article Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#Nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-described-by-impediments-to-Tulvings-%E2%80%9CThree-Component-Model-of-Consciousness%E2%80%9D\" >Nitrogen narcosis sedation described by impediments to Tulving&#8217;s &#8220;Three Component Model of Consciousness&#8221;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#A-cognitive-model-for-nitrogen-narcosis-effect\" >A cognitive model for nitrogen narcosis effect<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#First-Level-Impediment-%E2%80%93-Autonoetic-Consciousness-and-Episodic-Memory\" >First Level Impediment &#8211; Autonoetic Consciousness and Episodic Memory<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#Autonoetic-nitrogen-narcosis-sedation\" >Autonoetic nitrogen narcosis sedation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#Second-Level-Impediment-%E2%80%93-Noetic-Consciousness-and-Semantic-Memory\" >Second Level Impediment &#8211; Noetic Consciousness and Semantic Memory<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#Noetic-nitrogen-narcosis-sedation\" >Noetic nitrogen narcosis sedation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#Third-Level-Impediment-%E2%80%93-Anoetic-Consciousness-and-Procedural-Memory\" >Third Level Impediment &#8211; Anoetic Consciousness and Procedural Memory<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#Anoetic-nitrogen-narcosis-sedation\" >Anoetic nitrogen narcosis sedation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#Nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-references\" >Nitrogen narcosis sedation references<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#About-The-Author\" >About The Author<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#Purchase-my-exclusive-diving-ebooks\" >Purchase my exclusive diving ebooks!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-described-by-impediments-to-Tulvings-%E2%80%9CThree-Component-Model-of-Consciousness%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Nitrogen narcosis sedation described by impediments to Tulving&#8217;s &#8220;Three Component Model of Consciousness&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before the use of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/why-do-deep-divers-use-helium\/\">helium<\/a> became popularized and easily accessible for <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/what-is-technical-diving\/\">technical diving<\/a> in SE Asia, I used to conduct very &#8216;deep air&#8217; dives. These were frequently in the ranges of 70-90m&nbsp; (230-300ft) depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The level of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-susceptibility-factors\/\">inert gas narcosis<\/a> was, needless to say, exceptionally high. It is from those extreme experiences that I was able to assess and analyze the actual cognitive degradation that occurs from nitrogen narcosis sedation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A-cognitive-model-for-nitrogen-narcosis-effect\"><\/span>A cognitive model for nitrogen narcosis effect<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It took me many years to find a cognitive model that suitably described mental functionality in a way that explained the progressive deterioration I had observed on my dives. That model was Endel Tulving&#8217;s three-component theory on consciousness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-image-15640 size-medium\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"924\" height=\"710\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1_g0mjHJ1wosc-zhViMnvYaA.png\" alt=\"Narcosis consciousness effect\" class=\"wp-image-15640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1_g0mjHJ1wosc-zhViMnvYaA.png 924w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1_g0mjHJ1wosc-zhViMnvYaA-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/1_g0mjHJ1wosc-zhViMnvYaA-768x590.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Endel Tulving&#8217;s Three-Component Theory on Consciousness (1985)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tulving describes three levels of consciousness (<em>autonoetic, noetic, and anoetic<\/em>) that were each reliant upon specific memory systems (<em>episodic, semantic, and procedural<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the sedative effect of nitrogen narcosis degrades communication with memory centers in the brain, the diver&#8217;s level of consciousness deteriorates; they lose profound cognitive abilities and &#8211; most importantly &#8211; lose the capacity to perceive that cognitive abilities are being lost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"scuba-b4-h2-2\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"scuba-2523842603\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"2393012471\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"First-Level-Impediment-%E2%80%93-Autonoetic-Consciousness-and-Episodic-Memory\"><\/span>First Level Impediment &#8211; Autonoetic Consciousness and Episodic Memory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The first cognitive function to be degraded is the <strong>AUTONOETIC<\/strong> ability. This is essentially one&#8217;s metacognition; self-reflection, self-awareness, and self-diagnosis. It is the ability to perceive oneself and one&#8217;s own performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The degradation of autonoetic consciousness stems from an increasing inability to access <strong>EPISODIC<\/strong> memory &#8211; the personal experiences that a person normally uses to project their thoughts predictively or comparatively forwards and backward in time (&#8220;<em>mental time travel<\/em>&#8220;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>Autonoetic Consciousness:<\/strong> the capacity to be aware of one&#8217;s own existence as an entity in time.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Loss of autonoetic consciousness means that the diver rapidly becomes unable to recognize any mental impairment affecting them. This is why many divers deny that they suffer from narcosis effects. Unfortunately, the first thing they lose is the ability to diagnose themselves effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Without episodic memory as a benchmark for unimpaired performance. As a result, it is impossible to recognize impaired performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One&#8217;s ability to make plans in advance also declines and ceases. As a result, cognition becomes restricted to &#8220;<em>in-the-moment<\/em>&#8221; reactions. This can be recognized as a profound limitation to <strong>situational awareness<\/strong> and has serious risk consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Autonoetic-nitrogen-narcosis-sedation\"><\/span>Autonoetic nitrogen narcosis sedation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Likewise, degradation to episodic memory can be considered as a loss of &#8216;experience&#8217;. As such, the past lessons that a diver learns and holds in mind become inaccessible. As a result, nothing provides them with warnings or solutions based on similar events they&#8217;ve experienced before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>Episodic Memory:<\/strong> <em>a type of long-term memory that involves conscious recollection of previous experiences together with their context in terms of time, place and associated emotions.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Loss of episodic memory will also cause a progressive amnesia effect during the dive. Furthermore, reducing communication to the episodic memory during the dive becomes a barrier to accessing existing memories. In addition, it also diminishes the ability for new episodic memories to be created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Back when I conducted very <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/how-deep-can-you-dive-using-air\/\">deep air<\/a> dives, it was common to experience complete amnesia of the dive once surfacing. At that time, we were doing dives to identify virgin shipwrecks. As a result, any information not recorded on slates during the dives was lost by the time we got back to the boat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To a lesser extent, at shallower depths, I still notice that my fine-detail memory from a dive will be very unreliable. This is most easily recognized when the same sites are also dived using trimix. Only then, very precise memories will be retained after surfacing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Second-Level-Impediment-%E2%80%93-Noetic-Consciousness-and-Semantic-Memory\"><\/span>Second Level Impediment &#8211; Noetic Consciousness and Semantic Memory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As the sedative effect increases with depth, the diver&#8217;s<strong>&nbsp;NOETIC<\/strong> consciousness will start to decline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>Noetic Consciousness:<\/strong> <em>awareness of facts, concepts, words, and meanings but not of any connection to one\u2019s own experience. The capacity to recursively introspect on one&#8217;s own subjective experience through time.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Noetic consciousness involves the <strong>SEMANTIC<\/strong> memory. This is the long-term storage of learned facts and familiarity. The result of losing semantic memory is a diminished awareness of objects and events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, divers lose<strong> mental representation<\/strong> of the situation. They are not processing the mental connections needed to operate equipment or perform procedures when required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>Mental representation:<\/strong> <em>the mental imagery of things that are not actually present to the senses, i.e.&nbsp;that are not currently seen or sensed by the sense organs.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Degradation of a diver&#8217;s ability to mentally represent their dive is a significant reduction to their diving competency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Noetic-nitrogen-narcosis-sedation\"><\/span>Noetic nitrogen narcosis sedation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mental representation is a definitive function of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/what-is-diving-experience-diving-expertise\/\">expertise<\/a>. As such, it is a diver&#8217;s ability to mentally represent (or &#8216;visualize&#8217;) their dive in higher levels of detail. Obviously, that visualization is an important tool before, during, and after dives. As such, mental representation is a major factor enabling them to conduct more challenging dives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The loss of semantic memory can also be directly recognized through increasing difficulties holding information immediately in mind: for instance, checking an SPG reading then quickly forgetting what the read was&#8230; and had to recheck it again shortly afterward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>Semantic Memory:<\/strong> the memory of meaning, understanding, general knowledge about the world, and other concept-based knowledge unrelated to specific experiences<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The decline in noetic consciousness diminishes the ability to judge and react. Anything that is not directly stimulated by external events or objects will not be considered. Nothing can be &#8216;held in mind&#8217;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Third-Level-Impediment-%E2%80%93-Anoetic-Consciousness-and-Procedural-Memory\"><\/span>Third Level Impediment &#8211; Anoetic Consciousness and Procedural Memory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If the diver continues to go deeper, increased inert gas <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/scuba-gas-laws-for-diving-physics\/\">partial pressure<\/a> will start affecting their <strong>ANOETIC<\/strong> consciousness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>Anoetic Consciousness: &nbsp;<\/strong><em>the rudimentary state of affective, homeostatic, and sensory-perceptual mental experiences, not involving or subject to intellectual or cognitive processes.&nbsp; A state of knowledge or memory in which there is no consciousness of knowing or remembering. Anoetic consciousness is a corresponding kind of \u201cunknowing knowing\u201d in which one is aware of external stimuli but not of interpreting them.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Anoetic consciousness is the objective capacity to respond to direct stimulus. It is a person&#8217;s capacity to understand the outside world and external stimuli. Emotional cognition is considered at the level of anoetic consciousness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This level of consciousness involves <strong>PROCEDURAL<\/strong> memory: the skills and procedures a person learns to perform over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p><strong>Procedural memory:<\/strong> the system in charge of the encoding, storage, and retrieval of the procedures that underlie motor, visuospatial, or cognitive skills.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Losing anoetic consciousness means the diver will become steadily worse at equipment operation and following well-known procedures &#8211; if they have to be consciously recalled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anoetic-nitrogen-narcosis-sedation\"><\/span>Anoetic nitrogen narcosis sedation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Skills, procedures, and protocols that have been deeper ingrained through substantial practice and experience may persist longer. This is a result of these functions becoming automated subconsciously in the working memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The unconscious ingraining of dive functions at higher levels of expertise may be an explanation of why some elite-level divers consider that they &#8220;<em>adapt<\/em>&#8221; to narcosis over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Eventually, as the nitrogen narcosis effect continues to increase, the diver would become unable to complete any type of mental or physical function. This is a type of &#8216;<em>eyes open catatonia<\/em>&#8216;. Progress further and full unconscious occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"scuba-b4-h2-3\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"scuba-1798288108\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"6151212517\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-references\"><\/span><strong>Nitrogen narcosis sedation references:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\n<p class=\"recTitle\"><a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1985-27196-001\">Memory and consciousness.<\/a> Tulving, E. (1985). <em>Canadian Psychology \/ Psychologie canadienne, 26<\/em>(1), 1\u201312.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\n<p class=\"recTitle\"><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/TULVOC\">Varieties of consciousness and levels of awareness in memory.<\/a> <a class=\"discreet\" title=\"View other works by Endel Tulving\" href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Endel%20Tulving\"><span class=\"name\">Endel Tulving <\/span><\/a>In A. D. Baddeley &amp; Lawrence Weiskrantz (eds.),&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/BADASA\">Attention: Selection, Awareness,and Control<\/a><\/em>. Oxford University Press (1993)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/ROEVOM\"><span class=\"pub_name recTitle\"><span class=\"articleTitle recTitle\">Varieties of Memory and Consciousness: Essays in Honor of Endel Tulving.<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"discreet\" title=\"View other works by Henry L. I. Roediger\" href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Henry%20L.%20I.%20Roediger\"><span class=\"name\">Henry L. I. Roediger<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<a class=\"discreet\" title=\"View other works by Fergus I. M. Craik\" href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Fergus%20I.%20M.%20Craik\"><span class=\"name\">Fergus I. M. Craik<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;(eds.) &#8211;&nbsp;<span class=\"pubYear\">1989<\/span>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<span class=\"pubInfo\">Lawrence Erlbaum.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/TULMCA\"><span class=\"pub_name recTitle\"><span class=\"articleTitle recTitle\">Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain: The Tallinn Conference.<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"discreet\" title=\"View other works by Endel Tulving\" href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Endel%20Tulving\"><span class=\"name\">Endel Tulving<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<span class=\"pubYear\">2000<\/span>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<span class=\"pubInfo\">Psychology Pr.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/TULEMA\"><span class=\"articleTitle recTitle\">Episodic Memory and Autonoesis: Uniquely Human.<\/span><\/a><a class=\"discreet\" title=\"View other works by Endel Tulving\" href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/s\/Endel%20Tulving\"><span class=\"name\">Endel Tulving<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<span class=\"pubYear\">2005<\/span>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<span class=\"pubInfo\">In Herbert S. Terrace &amp; Janet Metcalfe (eds.),&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/TERTML\">The Missing Link in Cognition: Origins of Self-Reflective Consciousness<\/a><\/em>. Oxford University Press. pp. 3-56.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-300x296.png\" alt=\"Andy Davis Technical Sidemount Wreck Diving Subic Bay Philippines RAID Courses Training\" class=\"wp-image-6812\" style=\"width:225px;height:222px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-1024x1009.png 1024w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-768x757.png 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-The-Author\"><\/span>About The Author<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"77\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1.png 274w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1-250x70.png 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy Davis<\/a> is a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/raid-diving-courses-philippines\/raid\/\">RAID<\/a>, PADI TecRec, ANDI, BSAC, and SSI-qualified independent technical diving instructor who specializes in teaching <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/sidemount-courses\/\">sidemount<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/technical-diving-courses\/\">trimix<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/technical-diving-courses\/\">advanced wreck<\/a> diving courses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently residing in <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/subic-bay-wreck-diving-sites\/\">Subic Bay, Philippines<\/a>; he has amassed more than 10,000 open-circuit and CCR dives over three decades of challenging diving across the globe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy<\/a> has published numerous diving magazine articles and designed advanced certification courses for several dive training agencies, He regularly tests and reviews new <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/scuba-equipment-shopping-buying-best-dive-gear\/\">dive gear<\/a> for scuba equipment manufacturers. Andy is currently writing a series of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/extras\">advanced diving books <\/a>and creating a range of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redbubble.com\/people\/andydavistech\/shop\">tech diving clothing and accessories<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prior to becoming a professional technical diving educator in 2006, Andy was a commissioned officer in the Royal Air Force and has served in Iraq, Afghanistan, Belize, and Cyprus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2023, Andy was named in the &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gue.com\/blog\/sidemount-andy-davies\/\" target=\"_blank\">Who&#8217;s Who of Sidemount<\/a>&#8221; list by GUE InDepth Magazine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-palette-color-7-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dd81a6de961563c5bf17302e4376cbd2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Purchase-my-exclusive-diving-ebooks\"><\/span>Purchase my exclusive diving ebooks!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233191\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Gas Management For Scuba Divers Book\" class=\"wp-image-26264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Become A Shearwater Power User Book\" class=\"wp-image-26382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-978x1536.jpg 978w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/111242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/262907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A Comprehensive Guide to Backplate &amp; Wing BCDs\" class=\"wp-image-26808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/260377\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Diving Psychology The Path to Proficiency: Mental Strategies for Scuba Divers (eBook)\" class=\"wp-image-26633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n<p id=\"rop\"><small>Originally posted 2021-05-13 15:22:27. <\/small><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nitrogen narcosis sedation is diminished consciousness: not the alcohol-like intoxication many divers are taught.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1824],"tags":[825,829,827,826,306,831,644,832,830,828],"class_list":["post-15409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-scuba-diving-theory","tag-anesthesia","tag-consciousness","tag-deep-air","tag-effects","tag-inert-gas-narcosis-diving","tag-memory","tag-nitrogen-in-diving","tag-nitrogen-narcosis-symptoms","tag-sedation","tag-tulving"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nitrogen Narcosis Sedation &amp; Consciousness - Andy Davis Sidemount Technical Wreck Diving Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nitrogen narcosis sedation is diminished consiousness: it is not an alcohol-like state of intoxication, as many divers are taught.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nitrogen Narcosis - Sedation and Consciousness\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The sedative effect of nitrogen narcosis degrades communication between different parts of the brain; especially in regards to accessessing the different memory systems that enable higher levels of consciousness and cognition (anterograde amnesia). Narcosis is essentially a slow progression through sedative effects towards unconsciousness as you go deeper (and the narcotic dose gets higher).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Andy Davis Sidemount Technical Wreck Diving Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"ScubaTechPhilippines\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/ScubaTechPhilippines\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-08T04:50:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/cropped-cropped-Vitruvian-logo-color-2017-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Andy Davis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Nitrogen Narcosis - Sedation and Consciousness\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/cropped-cropped-Vitruvian-logo-color-2017-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@DivePhilippines\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Divephilippines\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Andy Davis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/nitrogen-narcosis-sedation-consciousness\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Andy Davis\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6dd08ec4ec6a2c8ba96ad070e22893dc\"},\"headline\":\"Nitrogen Narcosis Sedation &#038; 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