{"id":3594,"date":"2013-10-16T17:51:24","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T09:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/?p=3594"},"modified":"2024-05-14T11:27:24","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T03:27:24","slug":"gradient-factors-dummies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/","title":{"rendered":"Gradient Factors for Dummies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gradient Factors for Dummies<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient Factors<\/a> for Dummies was written by Kevin Watts and first published on rebreatherworld.com. I have replicated it here because it now seems unavailable at the original site. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Article Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Gradient-Factors-for-Dummies-by-Kevin-Watts\" >Gradient Factors for Dummies by Kevin Watts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Back-to-Buhlmann\" >Back to Buhlmann<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook\" >Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Enter-Gradient-Factors\" >Enter Gradient Factors<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#What-does-this-formula-tell-us\" >What does this formula tell us?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Erik-Bakers-Strategy\" >Erik Baker&#8217;s Strategy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#So-what-is-happening-when-you-use-a-gradient-factor-setting-of-3085\" >So what is happening when you use a gradient factor setting of 30\/85?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#How-much-pressure-must-leave-your-tissue-compartments-before-you-can-ascend\" >How much pressure must leave your tissue compartments before you can ascend?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook-2\" >Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Summary-Gradient-Factors-for-Dummies\" >Summary Gradient Factors for Dummies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Gradient-factors-for-dummies-videos\" >Gradient factors for dummies videos<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Gradient-factor-for-dummies-books\" >Gradient factor for dummies books<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Other-gradient-factors-for-dummies-resources\" >Other gradient factors for dummies resources<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook-3\" >Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#About-The-Author\" >About The Author<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Purchase-my-exclusive-diving-ebooks\" >Purchase my exclusive diving ebooks!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Gradient-factors-for-dummies-FAQ\" >Gradient factors for dummies FAQ<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradient-Factors-for-Dummies-by-Kevin-Watts\"><\/span>Gradient Factors for Dummies by Kevin Watts <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(<em>article from rebreatherworld.com<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient Factors<\/a> for Dummies attempts to provide a user&#8217;s view of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a>, an Erik <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">Baker<\/a> derived method of calculating <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> schedules. The title is not meant to be derisive, but simply an indicator that this article is meant to be a primer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"scuba-4064452913\" class=\"scuba-b4-h2-2 scuba-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"2393012471\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Back-to-Buhlmann\"><\/span>Back to Buhlmann<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everything in the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> algorithm revolves around <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a>\u2019s tissue model (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%BChlmann_decompression_algorithm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 Algorithm<\/a>). Currently, this means 16 hypothetical tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> (TCs) that are constantly tracked during a dive in order to determine each tissue compartment&#8217;s inert gas pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As you ascend all those tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> start to release pressure (&#8220;off-gas&#8221;). The question is &#8220;<em>How fast can you let those hypothetical tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> off-gas?<\/em>&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> answered that question by coming up with an \u201cM-value\u201d. Basically, an <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-value<\/a> is a maximum pressure value (different for each depth and tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartment<\/a>) that tells you, if you exceed that value, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> thinks you\u2019re nuts and believes you&#8217;re about to get bent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A natural ascent strategy, then, would be to move up in the water column until the pressure in your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> just reaches <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-value<\/a> and then let your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> off-gas a bit, rise to the next level, etc. In this strategy, you would keep going up in such a way that you never let your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> exceed <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-value<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unfortunately, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/types-decompression-sickness-dcs\/\">decompression illness<\/a> does not exactly track <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-values<\/a>. More sickness occurs at and above the pressures represented by <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-values<\/a> and less sickness occurs when divers never reach <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-values<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook\"><\/span><strong>Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-stretch is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shearwater Power User Settings GF Gradient Factors eBook\" class=\"wp-image-26260\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-column-is-layout-aa397865 wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.3\">An Illustrated Guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient Factors<\/a> and Advanced <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/best-technical-diving-computer\/\">Shearwater<\/a> Computer Settings for safe scuba diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.3\"><strong>42 Pages. Printable PDF format. Fully Illustrated.<\/strong> <strong>$9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Become A Shearwater Power User eBook<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.313), 18px);\">As featured on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zTjVXugn-m0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DiveTalk Podcast<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enter-Gradient-Factors\"><\/span>Enter Gradient Factors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient factors<\/a> (GFs) were invented to let the diver choose how fast, and how close, their tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> get to <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-values<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient factors<\/a> are calculated as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_2.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-does-this-formula-tell-us\"><\/span>What does this formula tell us?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> formula tells us that at <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> 1.0, you are at <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-value<\/a>. Therefore, staying at or below <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> 1.0 seems important. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, it tells us that when our tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartment<\/a> pressure just reaches <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">ambient pressure<\/a>, then the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> is 0.0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another ascent strategy, then, might be to shoot up to a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of 0.8 and ascend in such a way as not to exceed that value. In this way, you know that your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> are never over 80% of the distance between <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">ambient pressure<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-value<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In essence, you have a 20% safety margin on <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-values<\/a>. Dive computers implementing <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a> usually let you set two <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> parameters. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moving straight to <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> 0.8 and ascending in such a way that you always keep your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> at <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> 0.8 would be equivalent to setting your dive computer to 80\/80.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"scuba-2681656607\" class=\"scuba-b4-h2-3 scuba-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"6151212517\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erik-Bakers-Strategy\"><\/span>Erik Baker&#8217;s Strategy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Erik <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">Baker<\/a> didn&#8217;t like the idea of ascending directly to a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> close to the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-Value<\/a>. Instead, he said, \u201c<em>Let\u2019s all ascend first to a lower <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a>, then slowly move to higher <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a>.<\/em>\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, let\u2019s say you want to first ascend to a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of 0.30 and then slowly move to reach a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of 0.85 as you surface. This setting on your <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> computer is 30\/85. In fact, my <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/best-technical-diving-computer\/\">Shearwater<\/a> computer uses 30\/85 as its default setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-what-is-happening-when-you-use-a-gradient-factor-setting-of-3085\"><\/span>So what is happening when you use a gradient factor setting of 30\/85?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, your dive computer allows you to ascend until the pressure in your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> first reaches a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of 0.3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartment<\/a> pressure is 30% of the way between <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">ambient pressure<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-value<\/a>. Then you sit there until your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> drop enough pressure so that you can ascend to your next stop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How-much-pressure-must-leave-your-tissue-compartments-before-you-can-ascend\"><\/span>How much pressure must leave your tissue compartments before you can ascend?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assume you hit your first stop (<a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> 0.3) at 110 ft. Well, then, we now have two known points. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Point 1 is (110,0.3), that is, at 110ft we are at a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of 0.3. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Point 2 is (0, 0.85), that is, at the surface, we want to be at a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of 0.85. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A natural way to ascend (and this is what <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">Baker<\/a> did) is to create a line from those two known points and ascend in such a way that you never exceed the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> generated by that line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once you&#8217;ve determined your two points, the formula for the maximum <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> at any depth is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_3.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors for Dummies\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But, since the high <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> is reached at the surface, high <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> depth =0. So,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_4.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors for Dummies\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, if you hit your first <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of 0.3 at 110ft, then your low <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> depth=110. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before you can ascend to 100ft you must let off enough tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartment<\/a> pressure so that when you arrive at 100ft the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> does not exceed 0.35 calculated as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_5.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors for Dummies\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can ascend to 90ft when your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> let off enough pressure at your 100ft stop so that when you reach 90ft your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> does not exceed 0.40 calculated as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_1.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors for Dummies\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> method allows you to ascend by walking that line all the way to the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook-2\"><\/span><strong>Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-stretch is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shearwater Power User Settings GF Gradient Factors eBook\" class=\"wp-image-26260\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-column-is-layout-aa397865 wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.3\">An Illustrated Guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient Factors<\/a> and Advanced <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/best-technical-diving-computer\/\">Shearwater<\/a> Computer Settings for safe scuba diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.3\"><strong>42 Pages. Printable PDF format. Fully Illustrated.<\/strong> <strong>$9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Become A Shearwater Power User eBook<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.313), 18px);\">As featured on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zTjVXugn-m0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DiveTalk Podcast<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary-Gradient-Factors-for-Dummies\"><\/span>Summary: Gradient Factors for Dummies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you understood the above explanation, then you see why divers on RebreatherWorld say that setting your <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> parameters to 10\/90, 10\/80, etc, helps generate <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/deep-stops-richard-pyle\/\">deep stops<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The low <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> of 10 means a stop must be generated when your tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> are only 10% of the way between <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">ambient pressure<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-value<\/a>, rather than 30% if you were to set the low <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a> to 30. Simply, the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> line just starts deeper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> method is a natural extension of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a>&#8217;s tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartment<\/a> model. Divers using computers implementing the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> method should understand how modifying their <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a> parameters will alter their <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> profiles. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My understanding is that it may be wise to consider altering your <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a> parameters based on dive <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/psychopathy-technical-divers-adaptive-psychopathic-traits-diving\/\">characteristics<\/a>, your physical condition, and your general <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/tech-diving-elitism-ego-clique-attitude-culture\/\">attitude<\/a> toward the risk of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/types-decompression-sickness-dcs\/\">decompression illness<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> method provides the diver substantial flexibility in controlling their <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> profiles. Your responsibility is to choose the factors appropriate for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Safe diving!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"scuba-1497540344\" class=\"scuba-b4-h2-4 scuba-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"2954736365\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradient-factors-for-dummies-videos\"><\/span>Gradient factors for dummies videos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I have attached below the two most helpful videos explaining <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a> on YouTube. All of my <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/what-is-technical-diving\/\">technical diving<\/a> students watch these as <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/prepare-for-technical-diving-courses\/\">preparation<\/a> for their training courses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Mark Powell: Intro to Deco Theory &amp; Deep Stops\" width=\"1290\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fhfNph3GKRw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"DECOMPRESSION CONTROVERSIES\" width=\"1290\" height=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UY61E49lyos?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradient-factor-for-dummies-books\"><\/span>Gradient factor for dummies books<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I highly recommend the following two books. Both texts cover the topic of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a>. Mark Powell&#8217;s book &#8220;Deco for Divers&#8221; has been on my bookshelf for many years. Mark explains the topic in simply and clearly, for anyone to understand, as only a true subject matter expert can.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-popups allow-scripts allow-modals allow-forms allow-same-origin\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ss&amp;ref=as_ss_li_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=scubtechphil-20&amp;language=en_US&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=1905492294&amp;asins=1905492294&amp;linkId=e82bc16576602e3ba4561918cca9e199&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-popups allow-scripts allow-modals allow-forms allow-same-origin\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ss&amp;ref=as_ss_li_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=scubtechphil-20&amp;language=en_US&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=1947239090&amp;asins=1947239090&amp;linkId=d9d11c981a2be86e7310c254bdcc985f&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other-gradient-factors-for-dummies-resources\"><\/span>Other gradient factors for dummies resources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook-3\"><\/span><strong>Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-stretch is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shearwater Power User Settings GF Gradient Factors eBook\" class=\"wp-image-26260\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-column-is-layout-aa397865 wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.3\">An Illustrated Guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient Factors<\/a> and Advanced <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/best-technical-diving-computer\/\">Shearwater<\/a> Computer Settings for safe scuba diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"line-height:1.3\"><strong>42 Pages. Printable PDF format. Fully Illustrated.<\/strong> <strong>$9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Become A Shearwater Power User eBook<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.313), 18px);\">As featured on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zTjVXugn-m0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DiveTalk Podcast<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dan.org\/alert-diver\/article\/gradient-factors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gradient Factors<\/a>, by Neal W. Pollock, Ph.D. (DAN)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gue.com\/blog\/gradient-factors-in-a-post-deep-stops-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gradient Factors in a Post-Deep Stops World<\/a>, by David J. Doolette (InDepth)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-application-use-settings-open-circuit-tech\/\">A Logical Application of Gradient Factors<\/a>, by <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy Davis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient Factors<\/a>, by&nbsp;Matti Anttila Ph.D. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-300x296.png\" alt=\"Andy Davis Technical Sidemount Wreck Diving Subic Bay Philippines RAID Courses Training\" class=\"wp-image-6812\" style=\"width:225px;height:222px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-1024x1009.png 1024w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-768x757.png 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-The-Author\"><\/span>About The Author<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"77\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1.png 274w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1-250x70.png 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy Davis<\/a> is a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/raid-diving-courses-philippines\/raid\/\">RAID<\/a>, PADI TecRec, ANDI, BSAC, and SSI-qualified independent <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/what-is-technical-diving\/\">technical diving<\/a> instructor who specializes in teaching <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/sidemount-courses\/\">sidemount<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/technical-diving-courses\/\">trimix<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/technical-diving-courses\/\">advanced wreck<\/a> diving courses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently residing in <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/subic-bay-wreck-diving-sites\/\">Subic Bay, Philippines<\/a>; he has amassed more than 10,000 open-circuit and <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/testing-ccr-rebreather-liberty-triton-sidewinder\/\">CCR<\/a> dives over three decades of challenging diving across the globe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy<\/a> has published numerous diving magazine articles and designed advanced certification courses for several dive training agencies, He regularly tests and reviews new <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/scuba-equipment-shopping-buying-best-dive-gear\/\">dive gear<\/a> for scuba equipment manufacturers. <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy<\/a> is currently writing a series of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/extras\">advanced diving books <\/a>and creating a range of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redbubble.com\/people\/andydavistech\/shop\">tech diving clothing and accessories<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prior to becoming a professional <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/what-is-technical-diving\/\">technical diving<\/a> educator in 2006, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy<\/a> was a commissioned officer in the Royal Air Force and has served in Iraq, Afghanistan, Belize, and Cyprus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy<\/a> was named in the &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gue.com\/blog\/sidemount-andy-davies\/\" target=\"_blank\">Who&#8217;s Who of Sidemount<\/a>&#8221; list by GUE InDepth Magazine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-palette-color-7-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dd81a6de961563c5bf17302e4376cbd2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Purchase-my-exclusive-diving-ebooks\"><\/span>Purchase my exclusive diving ebooks!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233191\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Gas Management For Scuba Divers Book\" class=\"wp-image-26264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Become A Shearwater Power User Book\" class=\"wp-image-26382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-978x1536.jpg 978w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/111242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/262907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A Comprehensive Guide to Backplate &amp; Wing BCDs\" class=\"wp-image-26808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/260377\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Diving Psychology The Path to Proficiency: Mental Strategies for Scuba Divers (eBook)\" class=\"wp-image-26633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradient-factors-for-dummies-FAQ\"><\/span>Gradient factors for dummies FAQ<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675203555\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is the ZHL 16 algorithm?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The ZHL 16 algorithm is a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/confusion-deep-stops-erik-baker\/\">dissolved gas<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression model<\/a> using 16 tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a>. It was devised by Dr.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_A._B%C3%BChlmann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Albert A. B\u00fchlmann<\/a>\u00a0in Zurich, Switzerland. There are several versions of the algorithm, ZHL-16A, ZHL-16B, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/a-simple-guide-to-dive-computer-algorithms\/\">ZHL-16C<\/a>, and ZHL-16ADT DD.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675237247\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What are the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> ZHL 16?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> ZHL 16 algorithm uses <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a> as a means for users to adjust their <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> ascent profile. The high <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> determines the overall deco length, whilst the low <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> sets the depth of the first <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> stop.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675263076\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a>&#8217;s algorithm?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> ZHL 16 algorithm is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mathematical_model\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mathematical model<\/a>\u00a0which tracks\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inert_gases\">inert gases<\/a>\u00a0dissolved within body tissues as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambient_pressure\">ambient pressure<\/a>\u00a0changes during a dive. It is implemented within diving computers and dive tables to allow divers to plan <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> dives.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675286484\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is the difference between <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/a-simple-guide-to-dive-computer-algorithms\/\">RGBM<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> ZHL-16?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%BChlmann_decompression_algorithm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16<\/a>\u00a0is a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/confusion-deep-stops-erik-baker\/\">dissolved gas<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> algorithm, whereas <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/a-simple-guide-to-dive-computer-algorithms\/\">RGBM<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.advanceddivermagazine.com\/articles\/RGBM\/RGBM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reduced gradient bubble model<\/a>) is a free gas (bubble) algorithm. Both are used in modern scuba diving computers.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675312287\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What are <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-values<\/a>?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-values<\/a> are the maximum inert-gas pressure differential values for each of the 16 tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartments<\/a> within the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> ZHL-16 <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression model<\/a>. Essentially, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">m-values<\/a> represent the point where the risk of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/types-decompression-sickness-dcs\/\">DCS<\/a> becomes unreasonable.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675359216\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factor<\/a> in diving?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Two <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">gradient factors<\/a> (GF), high and low, are included in the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> ZHL-16 <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression model<\/a>. They allow adjustment of the ascent profile. GF High controls overall <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> length. Whilst GF Low controls the depth of the first <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> stop.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675376456\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What does <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">M-value<\/a> mean in scuba diving?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The term <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">m-value<\/a> describes the\u00a0<em>maximum value<\/em>\u00a0of inert-gas pressure differential for each tissue <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">compartment<\/a> within the <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">B\u00fchlmann<\/a> ZHL-16 <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression model<\/a>.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675418975\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What does <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/a-simple-guide-to-dive-computer-algorithms\/\">RGBM<\/a> stand for in scuba diving?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/a-simple-guide-to-dive-computer-algorithms\/\">RGBM<\/a> stands for Reduced Gradient Bubble Model. It is a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression<\/a> algorithm invented by Bruce Wienke and is used in several dive computers, such as Suunto.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gradient Factors for Dummies by Kevin Watts An explanation of gradient factors settings on your deco software.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[1663,1660,1649,1648,1650,1185,313,1656,1657,1664,1662,1661,1654,1659,1665,497,1655,1651,322,1666,1653],"class_list":["post-3594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-diving-theory","tag-ambient-pressure","tag-bubble-model","tag-buhlmann-m-values","tag-buhlmann-zhl-16","tag-buhlmann-zhl-16-decompression-model","tag-decompression-illness","tag-decompression-sickness","tag-deep-stops","tag-dissolved-gas-decompression-model","tag-dissolves-inert-gas-pressure","tag-dive-computer-algorithm","tag-dive-computer-alogorithm","tag-dr-albert-a-buhlmann","tag-free-gas-decompression-model","tag-gradient-factor-formula","tag-gradient-factors-for-diving","tag-mark-powell-deco-for-divers","tag-reduced-gradient-bubble-model","tag-technical-diving-decompression-planning-software","tag-technical-diving-planning","tag-tissue-compartments"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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RAID, PADI, TecRec, SSI and BSAC qualified technical diving instructor. Subic Bay, Philippines. 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It was devised by Dr.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_A._B%C3%BChlmann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Albert A. B\u00fchlmann<\/a>\u00a0in Zurich, Switzerland. There are several versions of the algorithm, ZHL-16A, ZHL-16B, ZHL-16C, and ZHL-16ADT DD.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675237247","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675237247","name":"What are the gradient factors in B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16 algorithm uses gradient factors as a means for users to adjust their decompression ascent profile. 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Both are used in modern scuba diving computers.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675312287","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675312287","name":"What are B\u00fchlmann M-values?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"M-values are the maximum inert-gas pressure differential values for each of the 16 tissue compartments within the B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 decompression model. Essentially, m-values represent the point where the risk of DCS becomes unreasonable.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675359216","position":6,"url":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675359216","name":"What is a gradient factor in diving?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Two gradient factors (GF), high and low, are included in the B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 decompression model. They allow adjustment of the ascent profile. GF High controls overall decompression length. Whilst GF Low controls the depth of the first decompression stop.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675376456","position":7,"url":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675376456","name":"What does M-value mean in scuba diving?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The term m-value describes the\u00a0<em>maximum value<\/em>\u00a0of inert-gas pressure differential for each tissue compartment within the B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 decompression model.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675418975","position":8,"url":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675418975","name":"What does RGBM stand for in scuba diving?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"RGBM stands for Reduced Gradient Bubble Model. It is a decompression algorithm invented by Bruce Wienke and is used in several dive computers, such as Suunto.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3594"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3594\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}