{"id":3594,"date":"2013-10-16T17:51:24","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T09:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/?p=3594"},"modified":"2024-05-14T11:27:24","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T03:27:24","slug":"gradient-factors-dummies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/","title":{"rendered":"Gradient Factors for Dummies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gradient Factors for Dummies<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient Factors<\/a> for Dummies was written by Kevin Watts and first published on rebreatherworld.com. I have replicated it here because it now seems unavailable at the original site. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Article Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Gradient-Factors-for-Dummies-by-Kevin-Watts\" >Gradient Factors for Dummies by Kevin Watts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Back-to-Buhlmann\" >Back to Buhlmann<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook\" >Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Enter-Gradient-Factors\" >Enter Gradient Factors<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#What-does-this-formula-tell-us\" >What does this formula tell us?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Erik-Bakers-Strategy\" >Erik Baker&#8217;s Strategy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#So-what-is-happening-when-you-use-a-gradient-factor-setting-of-3085\" >So what is happening when you use a gradient factor setting of 30\/85?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#How-much-pressure-must-leave-your-tissue-compartments-before-you-can-ascend\" >How much pressure must leave your tissue compartments before you can ascend?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook-2\" >Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Summary-Gradient-Factors-for-Dummies\" >Summary Gradient Factors for Dummies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Gradient-factors-for-dummies-videos\" >Gradient factors for dummies videos<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Gradient-factor-for-dummies-books\" >Gradient factor for dummies books<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Other-gradient-factors-for-dummies-resources\" >Other gradient factors for dummies resources<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook-3\" >Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#About-The-Author\" >About The Author<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Purchase-my-exclusive-diving-ebooks\" >Purchase my exclusive diving ebooks!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#Gradient-factors-for-dummies-FAQ\" >Gradient factors for dummies FAQ<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradient-Factors-for-Dummies-by-Kevin-Watts\"><\/span>Gradient Factors for Dummies by Kevin Watts <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>(<em>article from rebreatherworld.com<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gradient Factors for Dummies attempts to provide a user&#8217;s view of gradient factors, an <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/confusion-deep-stops-erik-baker\/\">Erik Baker<\/a> derived method of calculating decompression schedules. The title is not meant to be derisive, but simply an indicator that this article is meant to be a primer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"scuba-b4-h2-2\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"scuba-87084616\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"2393012471\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Back-to-Buhlmann\"><\/span>Back to Buhlmann<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Everything in the gradient factor decompression algorithm revolves around B\u00fchlmann\u2019s tissue model (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%BChlmann_decompression_algorithm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 Algorithm<\/a>). Currently, this means 16 hypothetical tissue compartments (TCs) that are constantly tracked during a dive in order to determine each tissue compartment&#8217;s inert gas pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As you ascend all those tissue compartments start to release pressure (&#8220;off-gas&#8221;). The question is &#8220;<em>How fast can you let those hypothetical tissue compartments off-gas?<\/em>&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">B\u00fchlmann answered that question by coming up with an \u201cM-value\u201d. Basically, an M-value is a maximum pressure value (different for each depth and tissue compartment) that tells you, if you exceed that value, B\u00fchlmann thinks you\u2019re nuts and believes you&#8217;re about to get bent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A natural ascent strategy, then, would be to move up in the water column until the pressure in your tissue compartments just reaches B\u00fchlmann M-value and then let your tissue compartments off-gas a bit, rise to the next level, etc. In this strategy, you would keep going up in such a way that you never let your tissue compartments exceed B\u00fchlmann M-value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/types-decompression-sickness-dcs\/\">decompression illness<\/a> does not exactly track B\u00fchlmann M-values. More sickness occurs at and above the pressures represented by M-values and less sickness occurs when divers never reach B\u00fchlmann M-values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook\"><\/span><strong>Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-stretch is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shearwater Power User Settings GF Gradient Factors eBook\" class=\"wp-image-26260\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-column-is-layout-12dd3699 wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\" style=\"line-height:1.3\">An Illustrated Guide to Gradient Factors and Advanced <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/best-technical-diving-computer\/\">Shearwater<\/a> Computer Settings for safe scuba diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"line-height:1.3\"><strong>42 Pages. Printable PDF format. Fully Illustrated.<\/strong> <strong>$9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Become A Shearwater Power User eBook<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.313), 18px);\">As featured on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zTjVXugn-m0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DiveTalk Podcast<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enter-Gradient-Factors\"><\/span>Enter Gradient Factors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Gradient factors (GFs) were invented to let the diver choose how fast, and how close, their tissue compartments get to B\u00fchlmann M-values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gradient factors are calculated as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_2.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-does-this-formula-tell-us\"><\/span>What does this formula tell us?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, the gradient factor formula tells us that at gradient factor 1.0, you are at B\u00fchlmann M-value. Therefore, staying at or below gradient factor 1.0 seems important. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, it tells us that when our tissue compartment pressure just reaches ambient pressure, then the gradient factor is 0.0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another ascent strategy, then, might be to shoot up to a gradient factor of 0.8 and ascend in such a way as not to exceed that value. In this way, you know that your tissue compartments are never over 80% of the distance between ambient pressure and the B\u00fchlmann M-value. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In essence, you have a 20% safety margin on B\u00fchlmann M-values. Dive computers implementing gradient factors usually let you set two gradient factor parameters. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moving straight to gradient factor 0.8 and ascending in such a way that you always keep your tissue compartments at gradient factor 0.8 would be equivalent to setting your dive computer to 80\/80.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"scuba-b4-h2-3\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"scuba-1821783430\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"6151212517\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erik-Bakers-Strategy\"><\/span>Erik Baker&#8217;s Strategy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Erik Baker didn&#8217;t like the idea of ascending directly to a gradient factor close to the B\u00fchlmann M-Value. Instead, he said, \u201c<em>Let\u2019s all ascend first to a lower gradient factor, then slowly move to higher gradient factors.<\/em>\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, let\u2019s say you want to first ascend to a gradient factor of 0.30 and then slowly move to reach a gradient factor of 0.85 as you surface. This setting on your gradient factor computer is 30\/85. In fact, my Shearwater computer uses 30\/85 as its default setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So-what-is-happening-when-you-use-a-gradient-factor-setting-of-3085\"><\/span>So what is happening when you use a gradient factor setting of 30\/85?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, your dive computer allows you to ascend until the pressure in your tissue compartments first reaches a gradient factor of 0.3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This means your tissue compartment pressure is 30% of the way between ambient pressure and the B\u00fchlmann M-value. Then you sit there until your tissue compartments drop enough pressure so that you can ascend to your next stop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How-much-pressure-must-leave-your-tissue-compartments-before-you-can-ascend\"><\/span>How much pressure must leave your tissue compartments before you can ascend?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Assume you hit your first stop (gradient factor 0.3) at 110 ft. Well, then, we now have two known points. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Point 1 is (110,0.3), that is, at 110ft we are at a gradient factor of 0.3. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Point 2 is (0, 0.85), that is, at the surface, we want to be at a gradient factor of 0.85. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A natural way to ascend (and this is what Baker did) is to create a line from those two known points and ascend in such a way that you never exceed the gradient factor generated by that line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once you&#8217;ve determined your two points, the formula for the maximum gradient factor at any depth is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_3.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors for Dummies\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>But, since the high gradient factor is reached at the surface, high gradient factor depth =0. So,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_4.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors for Dummies\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, if you hit your first gradient factor of 0.3 at 110ft, then your low gradient factor depth=110. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before you can ascend to 100ft you must let off enough tissue compartment pressure so that when you arrive at 100ft the gradient factor of your tissue compartments does not exceed 0.35 calculated as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_5.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors for Dummies\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>You can ascend to 90ft when your tissue compartments let off enough pressure at your 100ft stop so that when you reach 90ft your tissue compartments gradient factor does not exceed 0.40 calculated as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.rebreatherworld.com\/photopost\/data\/508\/Equation_1.jpg\" alt=\"Gradient Factors for Dummies\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The gradient factor method allows you to ascend by walking that line all the way to the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook-2\"><\/span><strong>Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-stretch is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shearwater Power User Settings GF Gradient Factors eBook\" class=\"wp-image-26260\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-column-is-layout-12dd3699 wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\" style=\"line-height:1.3\">An Illustrated Guide to Gradient Factors and Advanced Shearwater Computer Settings for safe scuba diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"line-height:1.3\"><strong>42 Pages. Printable PDF format. Fully Illustrated.<\/strong> <strong>$9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Become A Shearwater Power User eBook<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.313), 18px);\">As featured on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zTjVXugn-m0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DiveTalk Podcast<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary-Gradient-Factors-for-Dummies\"><\/span>Summary: Gradient Factors for Dummies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you understood the above explanation, then you see why divers on RebreatherWorld say that setting your gradient factor parameters to 10\/90, 10\/80, etc, helps generate <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/deep-stops-richard-pyle\/\">deep stops<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The low gradient factor of 10 means a stop must be generated when your tissue compartments are only 10% of the way between ambient pressure and the B\u00fchlmann M-value, rather than 30% if you were to set the low gradient factors to 30. Simply, the gradient factor line just starts deeper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The gradient factor method is a natural extension of B\u00fchlmann&#8217;s tissue compartment model. Divers using computers implementing the gradient factor method should understand how modifying their gradient factors parameters will alter their decompression profiles. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My understanding is that it may be wise to consider altering your gradient factors parameters based on dive characteristics, your physical condition, and your general attitude toward the risk of decompression illness. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The gradient factor method provides the diver substantial flexibility in controlling their decompression profiles. Your responsibility is to choose the factors appropriate for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Safe diving!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"scuba-b4-h2-4\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\" id=\"scuba-3629376275\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"2954736365\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradient-factors-for-dummies-videos\"><\/span>Gradient factors for dummies videos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I have attached below the two most helpful videos explaining gradient factors on YouTube. All of my <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/what-is-technical-diving\/\">technical diving<\/a> students watch these as preparation for their training courses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Mark Powell: Intro to Deco Theory &amp; Deep Stops\" width=\"1290\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fhfNph3GKRw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"DECOMPRESSION CONTROVERSIES\" width=\"1290\" height=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UY61E49lyos?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradient-factor-for-dummies-books\"><\/span>Gradient factor for dummies books<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I highly recommend the following two books. Both texts cover the topic of gradient factors. Mark Powell&#8217;s book &#8220;Deco for Divers&#8221; has been on my bookshelf for many years. Mark explains the topic in simply and clearly, for anyone to understand, as only a true subject matter expert can.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-popups allow-scripts allow-modals allow-forms allow-same-origin\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ss&amp;ref=as_ss_li_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=scubtechphil-20&amp;language=en_US&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=1905492294&amp;asins=1905492294&amp;linkId=e82bc16576602e3ba4561918cca9e199&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe sandbox=\"allow-popups allow-scripts allow-modals allow-forms allow-same-origin\" style=\"width:120px;height:240px;\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"\/\/ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&amp;OneJS=1&amp;Operation=GetAdHtml&amp;MarketPlace=US&amp;source=ss&amp;ref=as_ss_li_til&amp;ad_type=product_link&amp;tracking_id=scubtechphil-20&amp;language=en_US&amp;marketplace=amazon&amp;region=US&amp;placement=1947239090&amp;asins=1947239090&amp;linkId=d9d11c981a2be86e7310c254bdcc985f&amp;show_border=true&amp;link_opens_in_new_window=true\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other-gradient-factors-for-dummies-resources\"><\/span>Other gradient factors for dummies resources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Become-A-Shearwater-Power-User-eBook-3\"><\/span><strong>Become A Shearwater Power User! (eBook)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-stretch is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shearwater Power User Settings GF Gradient Factors eBook\" class=\"wp-image-26260\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Shearwater-Settings-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-column-is-layout-12dd3699 wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\" style=\"line-height:1.3\">An Illustrated Guide to Gradient Factors and Advanced Shearwater Computer Settings for safe scuba diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"line-height:1.3\"><strong>42 Pages. Printable PDF format. Fully Illustrated.<\/strong> <strong>$9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><\/strong><\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Become A Shearwater Power User eBook<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.313), 18px);\">As featured on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zTjVXugn-m0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DiveTalk Podcast<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dan.org\/alert-diver\/article\/gradient-factors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gradient Factors<\/a>, by Neal W. Pollock, Ph.D. (DAN)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gue.com\/blog\/gradient-factors-in-a-post-deep-stops-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gradient Factors in a Post-Deep Stops World<\/a>, by David J. Doolette (InDepth)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-application-use-settings-open-circuit-tech\/\">A Logical Application of Gradient Factors<\/a>, by <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy Davis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-m-values\/\">Gradient Factors<\/a>, by&nbsp;Matti Anttila Ph.D. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-300x296.png\" alt=\"Andy Davis Technical Sidemount Wreck Diving Subic Bay Philippines RAID Courses Training\" class=\"wp-image-6812\" style=\"width:225px;height:222px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-1024x1009.png 1024w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-768x757.png 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-The-Author\"><\/span>About The Author<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"77\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1.png 274w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1-250x70.png 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy Davis<\/a> is a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/raid-diving-courses-philippines\/raid\/\">RAID<\/a>, PADI TecRec, ANDI, BSAC, and SSI-qualified independent technical diving instructor who specializes in teaching <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/sidemount-courses\/\">sidemount<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/technical-diving-courses\/\">trimix<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/technical-diving-courses\/\">advanced wreck<\/a> diving courses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently residing in <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/subic-bay-wreck-diving-sites\/\">Subic Bay, Philippines<\/a>; he has amassed more than 10,000 open-circuit and CCR dives over three decades of challenging diving across the globe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andy has published numerous diving magazine articles and designed advanced certification courses for several dive training agencies, He regularly tests and reviews new dive gear for scuba equipment manufacturers. Andy is currently writing a series of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/extras\">advanced diving books <\/a>and creating a range of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redbubble.com\/people\/andydavistech\/shop\">tech diving clothing and accessories<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prior to becoming a professional technical diving educator in 2006, Andy was a commissioned officer in the Royal Air Force and has served in Iraq, Afghanistan, Belize, and Cyprus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2023, Andy was named in the &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gue.com\/blog\/sidemount-andy-davies\/\" target=\"_blank\">Who&#8217;s Who of Sidemount<\/a>&#8221; list by GUE InDepth Magazine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-palette-color-7-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dd81a6de961563c5bf17302e4376cbd2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Purchase-my-exclusive-diving-ebooks\"><\/span>Purchase my exclusive diving ebooks!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233191\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Gas Management For Scuba Divers Book\" class=\"wp-image-26264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Become A Shearwater Power User Book\" class=\"wp-image-26382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-978x1536.jpg 978w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/111242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/262907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A Comprehensive Guide to Backplate &amp; Wing BCDs\" class=\"wp-image-26808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BPW-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/260377\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Diving Psychology The Path to Proficiency: Mental Strategies for Scuba Divers (eBook)\" class=\"wp-image-26633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradient-factors-for-dummies-FAQ\"><\/span>Gradient factors for dummies FAQ<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675203555\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is the ZHL 16 algorithm?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The ZHL 16 algorithm is a dissolved gas <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/understanding-m-values-eric-baker\/\">decompression model<\/a> using 16 tissue compartments. It was devised by Dr.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_A._B%C3%BChlmann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Albert A. B\u00fchlmann<\/a>\u00a0in Zurich, Switzerland. There are several versions of the algorithm, ZHL-16A, ZHL-16B, ZHL-16C, and ZHL-16ADT DD.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675237247\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What are the gradient factors in B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16 algorithm uses gradient factors as a means for users to adjust their decompression ascent profile. The high gradient factor determines the overall deco length, whilst the low gradient factor sets the depth of the first decompression stop.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675263076\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is B\u00fchlmann&#8217;s algorithm?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16 algorithm is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mathematical_model\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mathematical model<\/a>\u00a0which tracks\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inert_gases\">inert gases<\/a>\u00a0dissolved within body tissues as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambient_pressure\">ambient pressure<\/a>\u00a0changes during a dive. It is implemented within diving computers and dive tables to allow divers to plan decompression dives.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675286484\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is the difference between RGBM and B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C3%BChlmann_decompression_algorithm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16<\/a>\u00a0is a dissolved gas decompression algorithm, whereas RGBM (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.advanceddivermagazine.com\/articles\/RGBM\/RGBM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reduced gradient bubble model<\/a>) is a free gas (bubble) algorithm. Both are used in modern scuba diving computers.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675312287\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What are B\u00fchlmann M-values?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">M-values are the maximum inert-gas pressure differential values for each of the 16 tissue compartments within the B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 decompression model. Essentially, m-values represent the point where the risk of DCS becomes unreasonable.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675359216\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is a gradient factor in diving?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Two gradient factors (GF), high and low, are included in the B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 decompression model. They allow adjustment of the ascent profile. GF High controls overall decompression length. Whilst GF Low controls the depth of the first decompression stop.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675376456\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What does M-value mean in scuba diving?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The term m-value describes the\u00a0<em>maximum value<\/em>\u00a0of inert-gas pressure differential for each tissue compartment within the B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 decompression model.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1682675418975\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What does RGBM stand for in scuba diving?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">RGBM stands for Reduced Gradient Bubble Model. It is a decompression algorithm invented by Bruce Wienke and is used in several dive computers, such as Suunto.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gradient Factors for Dummies by Kevin Watts An explanation of gradient factors settings on your deco software.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[1663,1660,1649,1648,1650,1185,313,1656,1657,1664,1662,1661,1654,1659,1665,497,1655,1651,322,1666,1653],"class_list":["post-3594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-diving-theory","tag-ambient-pressure","tag-bubble-model","tag-buhlmann-m-values","tag-buhlmann-zhl-16","tag-buhlmann-zhl-16-decompression-model","tag-decompression-illness","tag-decompression-sickness","tag-deep-stops","tag-dissolved-gas-decompression-model","tag-dissolves-inert-gas-pressure","tag-dive-computer-algorithm","tag-dive-computer-alogorithm","tag-dr-albert-a-buhlmann","tag-free-gas-decompression-model","tag-gradient-factor-formula","tag-gradient-factors-for-diving","tag-mark-powell-deco-for-divers","tag-reduced-gradient-bubble-model","tag-technical-diving-decompression-planning-software","tag-technical-diving-planning","tag-tissue-compartments"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - 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Former Royal Air Force officer. 30+ years of high-level global dive experience. https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\",\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/ScubaTechPhilippines\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/andydavistechnicaldiving\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/andrewdavis7\/\",\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.ph\/andydavistechnicaldiving\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/DivePhilippines\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/AndyDavisTechnicalDiving\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/author\/andy-davis\/\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675203555\",\"position\":1,\"url\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675203555\",\"name\":\"What is the ZHL 16 algorithm?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The ZHL 16 algorithm is a dissolved gas decompression model using 16 tissue compartments. It was devised by Dr.\u00a0<a href=\\\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_A._B%C3%BChlmann\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">Albert A. B\u00fchlmann<\/a>\u00a0in Zurich, Switzerland. There are several versions of the algorithm, ZHL-16A, ZHL-16B, ZHL-16C, and ZHL-16ADT DD.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675237247\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675237247\",\"name\":\"What are the gradient factors in B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16 algorithm uses gradient factors as a means for users to adjust their decompression ascent profile. The high gradient factor determines the overall deco length, whilst the low gradient factor sets the depth of the first decompression stop.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675263076\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675263076\",\"name\":\"What is B\u00fchlmann's algorithm?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16 algorithm is a\u00a0<a href=\\\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mathematical_model\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">mathematical model<\/a>\u00a0which tracks\u00a0<a href=\\\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inert_gases\\\">inert gases<\/a>\u00a0dissolved within body tissues as\u00a0<a href=\\\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambient_pressure\\\">ambient pressure<\/a>\u00a0changes during a dive. 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It was devised by Dr.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_A._B%C3%BChlmann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Albert A. B\u00fchlmann<\/a>\u00a0in Zurich, Switzerland. There are several versions of the algorithm, ZHL-16A, ZHL-16B, ZHL-16C, and ZHL-16ADT DD.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675237247","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675237247","name":"What are the gradient factors in B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The B\u00fchlmann ZHL 16 algorithm uses gradient factors as a means for users to adjust their decompression ascent profile. 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Essentially, m-values represent the point where the risk of DCS becomes unreasonable.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675359216","position":6,"url":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/gradient-factors-dummies\/#faq-question-1682675359216","name":"What is a gradient factor in diving?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Two gradient factors (GF), high and low, are included in the B\u00fchlmann ZHL-16 decompression model. They allow adjustment of the ascent profile. GF High controls overall decompression length. 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