{"id":4518,"date":"2025-01-08T12:53:04","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/?p=4518"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:53:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:53:04","slug":"decompression-sickness-immune-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/","title":{"rendered":"DCS and the Immune System"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DCS and the Immune System<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The link between <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/types-decompression-sickness-dcs\/\">DCS<\/a> and the immune system still isn&#8217;t well understood in diving medicine; although numerous scientific studies have shown that a link probably exists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Article Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/#Bubbles-during-DCS-and-the-immune-system\" >Bubbles during DCS and the immune system<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/#The-immune-response\" >The immune response<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/#The-immune-system-attacks-DCS-bubbles\" >The immune system attacks DCS bubbles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/#The-immune-system-clots-around-DCS-bubbles\" >The immune system clots around DCS bubbles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/#Micro-bubbles-also-cause-an-immune-response\" >Micro-bubbles also cause an immune response<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/#Further-reading-on-DCS-and-the-immune-system\" >Further reading on DCS and the immune system<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/#About-The-Author\" >About The Author<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/decompression-sickness-immune-system\/#Purchase-my-exclusive-diving-ebooks\" >Purchase my exclusive diving ebooks!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bubbles-during-DCS-and-the-immune-system\"><\/span>Bubbles during DCS and the immune system<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dive medicine research has shown that decompression-related bubbles formed within the body on ascent will trigger an immune system response. For this reason, immune-suppressant drugs are often administered during hyperbaric treatment for <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/types-decompression-sickness-dcs\/\">decompression sickness<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"scuba-367232996\" class=\"scuba-b4-h2-2 scuba-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><div class=\"scuba-adlabel\">Sponsored Link<\/div><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9354033900485448\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9354033900485448\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"2393012471\" \ndata-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"false\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The-immune-response\"><\/span>The immune response<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The immune system reacts to bubbles as it would to any foreign body; such as a virus or bacteria. That reaction is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When bubbles occur in the body they will attract blood proteins, as those proteins make contact with bubbles they change in molecular shape and solubility (denaturation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The-immune-system-attacks-DCS-bubbles\"><\/span>The immune system attacks DCS bubbles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The denatured protein is recognized by the body and the body diverts white blood cells to &#8216;attack&#8217; the bubble, whilst also releasing histamines to dilate blood vessels in the area (local inflammation) that aids the travel of the white blood cells to where they are needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The release of histamine also causes the surrounding blood vessel lining to become sticky so that white blood cells surrounding the bubble will &#8216;stick&#8217; in place and trap the bubble. This process is known as margination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The process of margination also causes cells in the blood vessel wall (endothelium cells) to separate and allow fluids, white blood cells and the bubble\/s to leave the bloodstream and enter the surrounding tissues. &nbsp;This not only thickens the blood, but a sufficient loss of fluid from the bloodstream into the tissues can cause shock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The-immune-system-clots-around-DCS-bubbles\"><\/span>The immune system clots around DCS bubbles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The separation of endothelium cells causes an additional reaction in the body; as it triggers a release of platelets into the area. These platelets combine with collagen to form a clot in the tissue around the bubble. Platelets also release serotonin which counters the effect of histamine and constricts blood flow to the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"202\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bubbles-dcs-immune-system.jpg\" alt=\"bubbles-dcs-immune-system\" class=\"wp-image-16818\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the bubble is sufficiently large, this process is intense and noticeable in the body; where the swelling and inflammation cause pain or limit local body function; or changes in blood chemistry cause rash or illness. If significantly intense, they become symptoms of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/types-decompression-sickness-dcs\/\">decompression sickness<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Micro-bubbles-also-cause-an-immune-response\"><\/span>Micro-bubbles also cause an immune response<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, if the bubbles are small in size, this <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/dcs-immune-complement-diving\/\">immune response<\/a> may be sufficiently insignificant; so as to remain symptomatically unnoticeable to the victim. But if the occurrence of <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/sub-clinical-decompression-sickness-stress-micro-bubbles\/\">micro-bubbles<\/a> is, nonetheless, high in frequency, then there may be widespread low-intensity immune reactions throughout the body. A sub-clinical reaction, but a reaction that does have an impact on the individual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That impact may present general fatigue, weariness, sleepiness, reduced vitality, decreased energy or just a sense of being under par physically or mentally. Those symptoms are commonly known as <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/sub-clinical-decompression-sickness-stress-micro-bubbles\/\">decompression stress or sub-clinical DCS<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Further-reading-on-DCS-and-the-immune-system\"><\/span>Further reading on DCS and the immune system<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/dcs-immune-complement-diving\/\">The Complement System and Diving<\/a>&#8216; by Dr. Ernest Campbell<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=1853466&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">In vitro activation of human complement by nitrogen bubbles<\/a>. Shastri KA, Logue GL, Lundgren CE. Undersea Biomed Res. 1991 May;18(3):157-65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=8514700&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Variability over time of complement activation induced by air bubbles\u00a0in human and rabbit sera<\/a>. Bergh K, Hjelde A, Iversen OJ, Brubakk AO. J Appl Physiol. 1993 Apr;74(4):1811-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=3494726&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Relation between complement activation and susceptibility to decompression sickness<\/a>. Ward CA, McCullough D, Fraser WD. J Appl Physiol. 1987 Mar;62(3):1160-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=9171463&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Diving decompression fails to activate complement<\/a>. Shastri KA, Logue GL, Lundgren CE, Logue CJ, Suggs DF. Undersea Hyperb Med. 1997 Jun;24(2):51-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=2316060&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complement activation involvement in decompression sickness of rabbits<\/a>. Ward CA, McCullough D, Yee D, Stanga D, Fraser WD. Undersea Biomed Res. 1990 Jan;17(1):51-66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=8653063&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complement system response to decompression<\/a>. Pekna M, Ersson A. Undersea Hyperb Med. 1996 Mar;23(1):31-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=7619033&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complement levels and exposure in the hypobaric chamber<\/a>. Brook WH, Secombe J, Seychell D. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995 May;66(5):415-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=7775308&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complement activation in divers after repeated air\/heliox dives and its possible relevance to DCS<\/a>. Hjelde A, Bergh K, Brubakk AO, Iversen OJ. J Appl Physiol. 1995 Mar;78(3):1140-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=8044147&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Effect of decompression on the complement system<\/a>. Katuntsev VP, Kozlov LV, Shcherbakova MA, Ageev VP, Sizoi MN. Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 1993 May-Jun;27(3):22-8. Russian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=8286982&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complement activation during saturation diving<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=8286982&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stevens DM, Gartner SL, Pearson RR, Flynn ET, Mink RB, Robinson DH, Dutka AJ.<\/a> Undersea Hyperb Med. 1993 Dec;20(4):279-88.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=1887517&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Venous gas emboli and complement activation after deep repetitive air diving<\/a>. Zhang J, Fife CE, Currie MS, Moon RE, Piantadosi CA, Vann RD. Undersea Biomed Res. 1991 Jul;18(4):293-302.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=9096825&amp;dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Activation of complement and neutrophils increases vascular permeability during air embolism<\/a>. Huang KL, Lin YC. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997 Apr;68(4):300-5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-medium is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-300x296.png\" alt=\"Andy Davis Technical Sidemount Wreck Diving Subic Bay Philippines RAID Courses Training\" class=\"wp-image-6812\" style=\"width:225px;height:222px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-1024x1009.png 1024w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1-768x757.png 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Cartoon-Andy-900x900-1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-The-Author\"><\/span>About The Author<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"77\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1.png 274w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bmc-button-1-1-250x70.png 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/andy-davis-technical-diving\/\">Andy Davis<\/a> is a <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/raid-diving-courses-philippines\/raid\/\">RAID<\/a>, PADI TecRec, ANDI, BSAC, and SSI-qualified independent <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/what-is-technical-diving\/\">technical diving<\/a> instructor who specializes in teaching <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/sidemount-courses\/\">sidemount<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/technical-diving-courses\/\">trimix<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/technical-diving-courses\/\">advanced wreck<\/a> diving courses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently residing in <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/subic-bay-wreck-diving-sites\/\">Subic Bay, Philippines<\/a>; he has amassed more than 10,000 open-circuit and CCR dives over three decades of challenging diving across the globe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Andy has published numerous diving magazine articles and designed advanced certification courses for several dive training agencies, He regularly tests and reviews new dive gear for scuba equipment manufacturers. Andy is currently writing a series of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/extras\">advanced diving books <\/a>and creating a range of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redbubble.com\/people\/andydavistech\/shop\">tech diving clothing and accessories<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prior to becoming a professional <a href=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/what-is-technical-diving\/\">technical diving<\/a> educator in 2006, Andy was a commissioned officer in the Royal Air Force and has served in Iraq, Afghanistan, Belize, and Cyprus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2023, Andy was named in the &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gue.com\/blog\/sidemount-andy-davies\/\" target=\"_blank\">Who&#8217;s Who of Sidemount<\/a>&#8221; list by GUE InDepth Magazine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-palette-color-7-color has-vivid-red-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dd81a6de961563c5bf17302e4376cbd2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Purchase-my-exclusive-diving-ebooks\"><\/span>Purchase my exclusive diving ebooks!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233191\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Gas Management For Scuba Divers Book\" class=\"wp-image-26264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gas-Management-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/233171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Become A Shearwater Power User Book\" class=\"wp-image-26382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-978x1536.jpg 978w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Shearwater-Gradient-Factors-ebook.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/buymeacoffee.com\/andydavistech\/e\/111242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-652x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/COVER-IMAGE-96x150.jpg 96w, 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Path to Proficiency: Mental Strategies for Scuba Divers (eBook)\" class=\"wp-image-26633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-652x1024.jpg 652w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-768x1206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/scubatechphilippines.com\/scuba_blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/The-Path-To-Proficiency-Book-Cover-Image.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n<p id=\"rop\"><small>Originally posted 2018-03-07 23:56:22. <\/small><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DCS and the Immune System. How bubbles trigger an immune response that can make or break your body&#8217;s fight against decompression sickness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2196],"tags":[1190,1189,197,313,1184,1179,580,1182,1191,1192,581],"class_list":["post-4518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dcs-decompression-sickness","tag-complement-system","tag-dcs-and-immune-response","tag-decompression","tag-decompression-sickness","tag-decompression-sickness-and-the-immune-system","tag-decompression-stress","tag-diving-decompression-sickness","tag-microbubbles-in-decompression-sickness","tag-sub-clinical-dcs","tag-the-bends-in-scuba-diving","tag-the-immune-system-and-scuba-diving"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DCS and the Immune System - Andy Davis Sidemount Technical Wreck Diving Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DCS and the Immune System. 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